Understanding epilepsy

What are the symptoms of epilepsy?

The key symptom of epilepsy is seizures. Seizures are episodes of changed electrical activity in the brain and can vary a lot depending on the part of the brain involved. Seizures can cause symptoms such as loss of consciousness (passing out), unusual jerking movements (convulsions) as well as other unusual feelings, sensations and behaviours.

Types of seizures

• Focal seizures - also called "focal onset seizures" - begin on one side of the brain. They may cause changes in awareness, behavior, or sensation, or abnormal movements usually on just one side of the body.
• It is possible for this type of seizure to spread to both sides of the brain. When this happens, it can cause a loss of consciousness and movements on both sides of the body.
• Generalized seizures - also called "generalized onset seizures" -- begin (or appear to begin) on both sides of the brain at the same time.
• They usually cause a loss of consciousness or awareness and may also cause abnormal movements on both sides of the body.

A person with epilepsy can have more than one type of seizure.

• Tonic: Muscles become stiff.
• Atonic: Sudden, unexpected loss of muscle strength or tone.
• Myoclonic: Short, lightning-quick, jerking movements.
• Clonic: Periods of rhythmic shaking or jerking movements.
• caffeine
• missing meals
• having an infection
• vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation
• fever
• lack of sleep
• physical and emotional stress
• hormonal changes due to menstruation (periods)
• missing a dose or taking too much antiepileptic medicine
• allergens
• alcohol or drug use
• severe changes in temperature
• flashing lights